Definition
A personal representative is the person a court authorizes to manage a deceased person's estate. It is the umbrella term for an executor, who is named in a will, and an administrator, who is appointed when there is no will or no executor able to serve. The personal representative gathers assets, notifies creditors, pays valid debts and taxes, and distributes what remains to the heirs. When an inherited house needs to be sold, the personal representative is usually the one who signs the purchase contract and deed on behalf of the estate. They owe a fiduciary duty to the heirs and creditors, which means acting in good faith, getting a fair price, keeping records, and not favoring themselves. Some states require court approval of a sale or notice to heirs first. Being named in a will does not grant authority on its own; the court must formally appoint the representative.
Real seller example
Kevin Liu was named executor in his aunt's will. After the court appointed him personal representative, he secured the vacant house, changed the insurance to a vacancy policy, and kept the utilities on. He obtained two independent offers and an agent's opinion of value, documenting each for the heirs. Because the house needed a new roof and a full cleanout, he accepted an as-is cash offer. He signed the contract and deed for the estate, deposited the proceeds into the estate account, and gave the court and heirs an accounting before distributing funds.
Frequently asked questions
An executor is one kind of personal representative. The term also covers court-appointed administrators.
Not by itself. The probate court must appoint you and issue documents such as letters testamentary.
Sometimes, depending on state law and the will, but some states require heir notice or court confirmation. Communicate openly to avoid disputes.
Self-dealing is restricted. It usually requires heir consent or court approval.
Many states allow reasonable compensation, set by statute, the will, or the court.
Offers received, valuation evidence, repair estimates, and the settlement statement, so heirs can see the sale was fair.